Overview
Joshua 10 describes a significant battle in which Joshua and the Israelites face off against a coalition of five Amorite kings. This chapter is notable for the miraculous intervention of God, demonstrating His power and support for Israel. Key aspects include:
Formation of the Amorite Coalition: The chapter begins with Adoni-Zedek, king of Jerusalem, forming an alliance with four other Amorite kings to attack Gibeon because it made peace with Israel.
Gibeonites Call for Help: The Gibeonites send a message to Joshua at Gilgal, asking for help against the Amorite kings. Joshua, encouraged by God who promises victory, leads his army in a surprise all-night march to Gibeon.
The LORD Confuses the Amorites: As the battle begins, the LORD throws the Amorite armies into confusion. The Israelites inflict heavy casualties on their foes, who begin to retreat.
The Sun Stands Still: In a miraculous event, Joshua prays for the sun and moon to stand still to extend the day, allowing more time for the Israelites to achieve victory. The sun stops in the middle of the sky, and daylight lasts a full day.
Defeat and Execution of the Five Kings: The five kings hide in a cave at Makkedah. Joshua orders the cave to be sealed until the battle is over. Afterward, the kings are brought out, executed, and their bodies displayed on poles.
Conquest of Southern Canaan: Following the battle, Joshua and the Israelites strike several southern cities, including Makkedah, Libnah, Lachish, Gezer, Eglon, Hebron, and Debir. These victories are attributed to the LORD’s hand.
Return to Gilgal: After the series of victories, Joshua and the Israelites return to their camp at Gilgal, having defeated a significant threat to their settlement in the Promised Land.
Joshua 10 is a testament to the Israelites' faith and courage, and God's overwhelming power and faithfulness. The miraculous event of the sun standing still highlights the LORD’s active involvement in Israel’s battles, ensuring their successful conquest of the land. The chapter also emphasizes the importance of fulfilling God’s commandments and the consequences for those who oppose His chosen people.